BAB 3: SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DAN PENTADBIRAN NEGARA

Election

Introduction to the Federal Constitution of Malaysia since independence resulting still maintain an allowance - an important provision in the constitution as fundamental rights, citizenship, Malay special rights, religion and language. This is a step to realize - ambition to create a democracy and fair to all parties.

Parliamentary Democracy means government run by representatives . Formed through the electoral process .People given the mandate to elect leaders who will represent them at once become elected representatives in Parliament .In other words parliamentary democracy means "government of the people '

Malaysia practices parliamentary democracy in Malaysia . democratic because it is enshrined in the Federal Constitution . Patterns of Democracy as practiced in Malaysia is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy YDPA administration as Head of State of Parliamentary Democracy in Malaysia set only representative - legal representatives elected by the people will occupy the next parliament to rule through the provision of the federal constitution. .To rule the country, where - where political parties have joined the choice elections held once in 5 years.

Election Means a method for people to vote to elect their representatives. Also serves to confirm that power. It is a form of communication between government and the governed Election history i) February 16, 1952, Municipal Election (Kuala Lumpur) ii) This election followed from Malaya Agreement 1948 iii) This election is not the first municipal elections

27 Julai1955- first Federal election in T.Melayu. Among the participating parties: a) the Alliance of UMNO, MCA and MIC. b) National Party leader Datuk Onn - 33 c) d) Islamic Party of Malaya (PAS) -11 people d) other parties participating in the elections is the Labour Party, the Party of Progress Silver (later became the Party People's Development), National Association of Perak and the Malays Organization. e) Alliance Party won 51 of the 52 seats that another .Seat won by PAS.

Election function .Establish a Democratic government leadership . Maintain Selection of candidates to fill top positions . Strengthen stability in an organization and the political community.

Type - the type of Elections ,Divided into two:, general election general election was held to elect members of the House simultaneously throughout Peninsular Malaysia. For Sarawak and Sabah elections for the House of Representatives and State Assembly held separately. election election held when there is a vacancy in any area of ​​the Parliament or the State Legislative Assembly. The vacancy occurs may be due to certain things, such as death, resignation and dismissal. Elections must be held within 60 days for Peninsular Malaysia and 90 days for Sabah and Sarawak after the vacancy.

Surunhanjaya Elections (EC) Founded in 4 September 1957 in accordance with Article 114 of the constitution of the Federal Constitution, which comprises one chairman and two members at the time. In 1963 members added to 3 people, while in 1981, coupled with the deputy chairman and Mr Abdul Rahman bin Abu Hassan first person to hold the post. In 2002, the membership of the EC was increased to seven members, the Chairman, Deputy Chairman and five members, including one from Sabah and one in Sarawak chairman, deputy chairman and 3 members appointed by the Agong on the advice of MRR

EC function , Review and delineation parts - the constituency. Conduct voter registration and revision of electoral rolls .Conduct elections and small. Registration of candidates - the candidates.

The election system in Malaysia Held 5 years . Selecting representatives - elected representatives in the Legislative Assembly of heads of State and government representatives - representatives of the House of Representatives to form the Federal Government -charge to the Election Commission (EC), which is found in Article 113-120 .Dissolved by the Federal Constitution and federal levels YDPA King / Yang Di-Pertua Negeri of the State (through the advice of the PM / MB) must be held within 60 days of the peninsula and 90 days for Sabah and Sarawak.

Date of General Election Malaysia GENERAL ELECTION DATE 1 19 AUGUST 1959 2 April 25, 1964 3 May 10, 1969 4 August 25, 1974 5 July 8, 1978 6 April 22, 1982 7 August 3, 1986 October 21, 1990 8 9 25 April 1995 10 November 30, 1999 11 21 MAC 2004 12 8 MAC 2008

Bye - laws and regulations of the Election 1 2 of the Constitution states the federal Constitution 3 Elections Act, 1958 (Act 19) 4 Offences Act Altogether directly related.

Element - element Important Election ELECTION OF SECTION .A candidate is elected to represent the residents of a part in the parliamentary elections (elections) or the Legislative Assembly (Elections State) Until now there are 219 seats of Parliament (MP) and 567 State Assembly seats. SPR to undertake this review at intervals of not less than 8 years

A selector VOTERS REGISTRATION must be registered with the EC before he voted. A qualified to vote if: 1) Malaysian 2) Age not less than 21 years on the qualifying date 3) A resident in any constituency in Malaysia 4) No disqualification

Disqualification Disqualification of electors if he: a) On the date eligibility detained as insane / is serving a prison sentence b) Prior to the date of eligibility, was found guilty and the death penalty / prison (more than 12 months and is still liable on the qualifying date ) c) Has been found guilty under the Election Offences Act 1954 d) has acquired a foreign citizenship

CANDIDATES , Age not less than 21 years on nomination day .Stay in the state in which he will compete .Lost eligibility if: Insanity Serving bankrupt 'office of profit' . Failure to submit the report of election expenses found guilty by the court has earned foreign citizenship

Election Process ,Starting with the production of the writ of election by the EC to the officer. Notice will be published and to specify the dates of nomination & voting day. Nomination Day. Day set by the EC for the candidates vying to submit their nomination papers to the returning officer. Presented by the candidate, the proposer, & supporter or one of them must submitted between 9.00 am to 10.00 am. Exhibited from 10.00 am to 11.00 am for viewing and receiving any objections. The returning officer declares the candidate unopposed if only one candidate is proposed.

Deposit RM 10,000 for a parliamentary seat & RM 5000 for state seats to be submitted to the Returning Officer on or before nomination day. To lose the deposit if they fail to earn eighth of tal votes. The use of symbols. can use the symbol of the party with the written consent of the head of the party. Campaign. EC formulate special rules for campaign . campaign only be initiated after the completion of the nomination process and must be Discontinued at 12.00 the night before polling day.


Polling Day.  refers to the day voters cast ballots cast  Time is set from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm  For remote areas, mobile units are used to ensure smooth polling.  EC will issue a notice to inform the public about matters such as the election: 1 Date of polling location to vote 2 vote 3 hours at all polling stations and counting centers 4 Location tallying

EC Booth . A candidate is not allowed to set up booths at any of the polling stations in areas candidate contesting political parties are allowed to hold the operating room where the event is located outside 50 meters from the polling center facilitate voting, the EC will set up a booth EC at the polling centers. Booth-booth is to help voters check their serial numbers

Permission to enter polling stations. only electors whose names appear on the register of electors for a polling station are allowed to cast ballots voters must carry identity cards issued by the National Registration Department as identification and must be shown at the polling order to ensure order and secrecy votes, only staff following officers are allowed to enter the polling station:

1.. Members and officials of the EC 2 General election staff 3 candidates and their election agents; 4 polling agents and counting agents 5 people allowed by the EC voting Agents The law allows candidates to appoint an agent to vote for a candidate the purpose of keeping interest in each polling station during the time role of the agent is to ensure that voting is conducted according to law and related regulations. counting conducted by the Presiding Officer at vote at a counting center set. postal vote for a constituency counted by the Returning Officer at the counting center set When the votes are counted, which allowed people can walk into a place counting .: 1. The members and officers of the EC 2 Officer appointed by the EC 3 Clerk counting 4 Candidates, agents and counting agents. presence agents is to ensure that the counting is carried out in accordance with the proper process as prescribed by the laws and regulations and to ensure that the counting is correct, fair and transparent.

Official Summation vote counting at polling stations and counting centers, the voting results submitted to the Returning Officer. officer will add all the votes, including postal voting to determine the winner.  Returning Officer for the constituency will declare the candidate who gets a majority of votes, as the elected representative of that constituency.


People who are eligible to vote by post. 1 Soldiers 2 Forest Force 3 Task Force 4 election officials, Government Officers on duty outside the country 5 students studying abroad, as well as husband and wife or respectively 6 votes must reach the Returning Officer not later than the manager 5.00 pm on polling day. Prose sound of explosion-had complete procedure provided for maintaining the confidentiality of the vote

Election petition. An actual election results can be challenged in court. A petition can be made ​​for the following reasons: 1 Bribery, extortion or any misconduct that may affected election 2 non-compliance with laws and regulations 3 election of corruption or illegal acts done by the candidate and agents found 4 candidate or his agent not eligible for election by God pill. Election petition must be submitted to the High Court within 21 days after the date of the election results published in the Gazette


Statement of election expenses. A candidate is eligible to spend money for the election but shall not exceed: 1 RM200,000 for the House of Representatives 2 RM100,000 State Assembly Expense reports must be submitted to the State Director of Elections in the period of 31 days after the date of the election results published in in the Gazette. Failure to submit a statement of election expenses within the prescribed period is an offense under the Election Offences Act 1954.

Storage and disposal of ballot papers .These documents must be stored in boxes or special boxes and locked in the presence of agents candidate .ballot box are to be kept for six months under the supervision of the Returning Officer. State Director of Elections shall keep the register of electors has been marked and counter  foils. Ê ballot.Staff will submit the certificate of disposal to State Director of Elections.

Conclusion Practice of Parliamentary Democracy system indeed many benefits to the people of this country. Since its inception until now, the system was able to create political stability, peace and prosperity. In a parliamentary democracy, the existence of a constitutional monarchy has maintained its tradition of continuity of government in the country. While the government elected by the people, the need to be smart to win the hearts of the people and not be biased against minorities because this will bring down the ruling government in the future. In addition, each individual will also be covered position and can exercise their right to determine the reins of the country. Hopefully, every citizen will always work together to enable the concept of democracy is to continue to exist.

Ulasan : Setiap warganegara khususnya yang terlibat dalam bidang profesional perlu mengetahui tentang komponen kompenen utama dalam sistem pentadbiran negara . Mereka perlu mengetahui keberkaitan antara kerjaya mereka dengan badan-badan pentadbiran yang terlibat jika ada apa-apa perkara yang memerlukan mereka berhubung dengan badan-badan kerajaan tersebut.

Sumber : Pilihan raya di Malaysia

Link : http://www.slideshare.net/anephaniffmsml/group-4-azim-faris

Penulis : Muhammad Faris Bin Salehuddin , Azim Azri Bin J Azhari